Conservative Modernization under the impact of imperialism.

1. Colonialism into Imperialism (e.g. Africa. Click here for a maps to illustrate direct imperialism.
   1. The Motives. .
      1. Economic.
         1. Early mercantilism
         2. The transition to the needs of the "Second Wave." See F-R, p. 37, particularly note the explanation of Lenin.
      2. Moral:
         1. Religious
         2. The "White Man's Burden." Click here for text, or see F-R, p. 37.
      3. Pseudo-scientific: Social Darwinism. See F-R, 29-30
      4. National pride and domestic politics. See F-R, 37-38
      5. Strategic, e.g. Japan in Korea.
   2. The Ottoman Empire: "the sick man of Europe" and the "Eastern Question" ---under the onslaught of the European "dual revolution."
      1. Some direct imperialism: Read F-R, 199. Compare Centennia 1700 with 1914.
         1. Cyprus, 1878
         2. Kuwait, 1899
      2. Mostly Indirect Imperialism.
         1. Free Trade Treaty of 1838
         2. Britain in Egypt: indirect imperialism after 1882.
            1. How had capitalism in the form of Western influence and ultimately British occupation changed the economic rythyms of this still nominally traditional/command society?. See: F-R, 50-52.
            2. How does the case study of the Dinshawai Incident of 1906 illustrate illustrate indirect imperialism?. Read F-R, 46-47.
      3. The first political revolutions ----- impact on the Balkans: See Centennia
         1. 1815
         2. 1835
         3. 1860
         4. 1880
         5. 1886
         6. 1910-1914.
      4. Germany and Turkey before World War I.
2. The Empire of Japan. Click on thumbnail map to access a full-size, topographical map from the excellent University of Texas map archive..
   1. The tradition: What elements in the traditional society promoted modernization when the time came? See Readings, 19
1. Borrowing and adapting.
2. Japanese feudalism.
   1. Scenes from Shogun illustrate the differences between feudalism in the West and Japan.
   2. Read definitions: Samurai and the Code of Bushido.
2. Tokugawa Japan before 1854:
   1. Commerce and money economy
   2. Differentiated social structure -- see film
   3. Highly urbanized
   4. E.g. Modern, but ....
3. VIDEO: "The Meiji Revolution." Click here for a viewing guide. Click here for a text of the film. Use the text to complete the viewing guide.
1. Unequal Treaties such as forced on Japan by the U.S. .
2. FYI: Click here for a copy of the Constitution mentioned in the film.
3. The Chinese Empire

A. The Ancient Tradition. .Read: Click here for a discussion of the roots of the idea of the Golden Age and the "Mandate of Heaven" Click here for a discussion of the establishment of the Confucian tradition, particularly paragraphs 3-5. Read an explanation of the Chinese concept of law as contrasted withat of the west by clicking here. The consequence of this was a heavy emphasis on an educated bureaucracy --- the Mandarin system. B. Video: "The Two Coasts." Click here for a viewing guide.Click here for a text of the film. Fill in the blanks on the viewing guide using the text as reference. FYI: "The Northern Coast." Click here for a discussion of the coming of the Mongols and the Manchus. FYI: "The Eastern Coast." Click here for a discussion of the "opening" of China by the West. FYI: For a perspective on the seizure of the Hong Kong colony and its return 1. July 1 1997 click here.

C. The Chinese Reaction to western imperialism.Was the Chinese response similar to or different from that which we have seen in Japan? . Click here for links that help answer this question with regard to the following periods:

1. The Taiping Rebellion 1851-1864.
2. The Tong Zhi Restoration. See Readings, p. 22 middle paragraph.
3. New Humiliations.
   1. The Russians in the North, the French in the South and the Germans in Shantung
   2. The Sino-Japanese War, 1894-1895.
   3. New demands for reform--- supported by young Emperor Guangzu ---- overthrown by Dowager Emperess who then turned to support of the Boxers
• Read: The Hundred Days Reform and Aftermath. (The Boxer Rebellion)
  1. Dr. Sun Yat Sen and the beginning of the Chinese Revolution.Read the first paragraph of The Republican Revolution of 1911
     • Childhood, western education and experience.
     • For a discusion of Sun, his San Min Chu I, or 3 Principles of the People and the "Revolution of 10/10/11" click The Republican Revolution of 1911.

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