Chapter Nine: Behavior in Social and Cultural Context
Chapter Nine Sample Questions
INTRODUCTION Take the sample questions and find out what you missed. Click on the "Refer back to page __" next to the question you missed. It will open a new window (if your browser is set to open new windows) to the interactive chapter guide resources which cover the concept being tested. Close the window when you want to return to the test. If a new window does not open, just click on the back button to return to this page.
1. Social norms have been referred to as "social constraints." Do social norms provide any benefits?
No, social norms prevent people from expressing their individuality. Yes, they contribute to the positive contributions of unanimity and invulnerability in group processes. No, they are directly responsible for the lack of creativity and spontaneity in the society. Yes, they make interactions with other people predictable and orderly. Refer back to page 298 (new window opens)
No, social norms prevent people from expressing their individuality. Yes, they contribute to the positive contributions of unanimity and invulnerability in group processes. No, they are directly responsible for the lack of creativity and spontaneity in the society. Yes, they make interactions with other people predictable and orderly.
Refer back to page 298 (new window opens)
2. In the Milgram Obedience study,
approximately two-thirds of the subjects obeyed to the fullest extent. as soon as the victim protested, 90% of the "teachers" refused to administer additional shocks. while most of the subjects administered some shock, only 10% obeyed to the fullest extent. the only subjects who administered the most sever shocks were those with personality disorders. Refer back to page 299
approximately two-thirds of the subjects obeyed to the fullest extent. as soon as the victim protested, 90% of the "teachers" refused to administer additional shocks. while most of the subjects administered some shock, only 10% obeyed to the fullest extent. the only subjects who administered the most sever shocks were those with personality disorders.
Refer back to page 299
3. Which of the following would NOT lead to high levels of obedience in the Milgram study?
the experimenter sits close to the "teacher" when giving instructions to shock the "learner". the "learner" is not visibly present, but in another room where his screams cannot be heard. another volunteer is the person giving the instructions to increase the shock level. when there are peers who believe the "learner" should be shocked. Refer back to page 300
the experimenter sits close to the "teacher" when giving instructions to shock the "learner". the "learner" is not visibly present, but in another room where his screams cannot be heard. another volunteer is the person giving the instructions to increase the shock level. when there are peers who believe the "learner" should be shocked.
Refer back to page 300
4. Entrapment works to cause people to obey by:
getting them to engage in an embarrassing behavior which can be used like blackmail.. using the social convention of being polite to the authority figure. getting people to increase their commitment to a course of action in order to justify their investment in it. transforming the activity into a series of routine activities. Refer back to page 303
getting them to engage in an embarrassing behavior which can be used like blackmail.. using the social convention of being polite to the authority figure. getting people to increase their commitment to a course of action in order to justify their investment in it. transforming the activity into a series of routine activities.
Refer back to page 303
5. Based on the discussion of the sources of social identity, which of the following would best describe a person who has strong ties to both her ethnicity and the larger culture?
assimilated. incorporated. acculturated. bicultural. Refer back to page 305
assimilated. incorporated. acculturated. bicultural.
Refer back to page 305
6. In a person's attempt to explain behavior, a dispositional attribution means the person believes:
the cause of the behavior is due to something in the environment. the effect of the environment is overestimated and personality effects are underestimated. the cause of the behavior is due to a trait or motive in the person. that the environment should be blamed for one's bad behavior. Refer back to page 306
the cause of the behavior is due to something in the environment. the effect of the environment is overestimated and personality effects are underestimated. the cause of the behavior is due to a trait or motive in the person. that the environment should be blamed for one's bad behavior.
Refer back to page 306
7. While trying to explain the behavior of the guards who became abusive in the prison experiment, Juan emphasizes their personality and underestimates the influence of the power of the social influences of the roles the guards were given. This type of attribution is called:
illegitimazation of authority effect. situational attributional style. fundamental attribution error. groupthink. Refer back to page 306
illegitimazation of authority effect. situational attributional style. fundamental attribution error. groupthink.
8. When people in each generation have opinions about the world that are characteristic of that generation, we have identified:
the MTV generation. cognitive dissonance. self-serving bias. the cohort effect. Refer back to page 308
the MTV generation. cognitive dissonance. self-serving bias. the cohort effect.
Refer back to page 308
9. Which of the following is NOT characteristic of the processes used in brainwashing/coercive control processes?
The leader offers unconditional love and acceptance. The person's problems are defined as so complex that only the leader can solve them. The person is under physical stress. The person is subjected to entrapment. Refer back to page 310
The leader offers unconditional love and acceptance. The person's problems are defined as so complex that only the leader can solve them. The person is under physical stress. The person is subjected to entrapment.
Refer back to page 310
10.Which of the following might counteract the negative aspects of groupthink?
encouraging group members to increase their sense of cohesiveness. emphasize the importance of reaching unanimity. encourage the expression of doubt and dissent. threaten group members with punishment if the group's decision turns out to be wrong. Refer back to page 313
encouraging group members to increase their sense of cohesiveness. emphasize the importance of reaching unanimity. encourage the expression of doubt and dissent. threaten group members with punishment if the group's decision turns out to be wrong.
Refer back to page 313
11. A woman is attacked on a busy street and, although there are many bystanders, no one calls the police. This bystander apathy can be best explained by the concept of:.
diffusion of responsibility.. social loafing. individuation. whimps and coward effect. Refer back to page 314
diffusion of responsibility.. social loafing. individuation. whimps and coward effect.
Refer back to page 314
12. You join a group of students protesting the ban on alcohol on campus. You get carried away in the moment and throw a chair through the president's window. What is the most likely reason you acted in a way that was not characteristic of your high moral standards?
too much beer before the protest. self-serving bias. groupthink. deindividuation. Refer back to page 314
too much beer before the protest. self-serving bias. groupthink. deindividuation.
13. Which of the following increases the likelihood that a person will engage in an altruistic act like helping in a crisis?
the individual becomes "entrapped". the individual decides that the cost of doing nothing is greater than the cost of helping. the individual has an ally. all of the above. Refer back to page 315
the individual becomes "entrapped". the individual decides that the cost of doing nothing is greater than the cost of helping. the individual has an ally. all of the above.
Refer back to page 315
14. Which of the following is likely to lead to your underestimating the personal differences among members of other groups?
foggy glasses. stereotypes. bicultural social identity. validity effect.
Refer back to page 320
15. The Robber's Cave experiment is a good example of which of the following methods of reducing intergroup conflict?
contact hypothesis. interdependence in solving a shared problem. change of the (camp) laws to prevent discrimination. breaking the "cycle of distrust".
Refer back to page 325
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