Chapter Eight: Learning
Chapter Eight Second Set of Sample Questions
INTRODUCTION Take the sample questions and find out what you missed. Click on the "Refer back to page __" next to the question you missed. It will open a new window (if your browser is set to open new windows) to the interactive chapter guide resources which cover the concept being tested. Close the window when you want to return to the test. If a new window does not open, just click on the back button to return to this page.
1. Which of the following includes the study of mental processes and is not heavily influenced by behaviorism?
classical conditioning. operant conditioning. counterconditioning. social learning theory. Refer back to page 263 (new window opens)
classical conditioning. operant conditioning. counterconditioning. social learning theory.
Refer back to page 263 (new window opens)
2. Pavlov's discovery of classical conditioning occurred while he was actually studying:
the processes of digestion. the effects of isolation. the processes of sensory discrimination. mad dog disease. Refer back to page 263
the processes of digestion. the effects of isolation. the processes of sensory discrimination. mad dog disease.
Refer back to page 263
3. According to Pavlov's theory of learning, the unconditioned stimulus (US):
has to be paired with the presence of meat to obtain any effect. is a previously neutral stimulus that acquires the capacity to elicit a new response. elicits a reflexive response without any learning. is the same as the unconditioned response. Refer back to page 263
has to be paired with the presence of meat to obtain any effect. is a previously neutral stimulus that acquires the capacity to elicit a new response. elicits a reflexive response without any learning. is the same as the unconditioned response.
4. Spontaneous recovery refers to
the remission (extinction) of a conditioned fear and return to normal functioning. the appearance of more adaptive behaviors after an accident. the reappearance of a response after its apparent extinction. the ability to learn from one's errors without assistance. Refer back to page 265
the remission (extinction) of a conditioned fear and return to normal functioning. the appearance of more adaptive behaviors after an accident. the reappearance of a response after its apparent extinction. the ability to learn from one's errors without assistance.
Refer back to page 265
5. Which of the following is NOT likely to be an example of higher-order conditioning?
When meat is paired with a light, the dog learns to salivate to the light alone. the ability of a dog to salivate when presented with the tone of middle C but not to the tone of D. the ability to work for secondary reinforcers rather than primary reinforcers. none of the above. Refer back to page 266
When meat is paired with a light, the dog learns to salivate to the light alone. the ability of a dog to salivate when presented with the tone of middle C but not to the tone of D. the ability to work for secondary reinforcers rather than primary reinforcers. none of the above.
Refer back to page 266
6. Systematic desensitization
reduces one's fear of blood by flooding them with pictures of gory automobile accidents. eliminates an unconditioned response to an unconditioned stimulus. uses counterconditioning to treat phobias. uses the principle of extinction to eliminate phobias. Refer back to page 266
reduces one's fear of blood by flooding them with pictures of gory automobile accidents. eliminates an unconditioned response to an unconditioned stimulus. uses counterconditioning to treat phobias. uses the principle of extinction to eliminate phobias.
7. The general principle that behavior is controlled by its consequences is called:
Pavlov's Principle. Skinner's law of determinism. Thorndike's law of effect. Bandura's blunder. Refer back to page 271
Pavlov's Principle. Skinner's law of determinism. Thorndike's law of effect. Bandura's blunder.
Refer back to page 271
8.In negative reinforcement,
the behavior is more likely to occur in the future. an unpleasant stimulus plays an important role. the effect on the behavior is similar to the effect of positive reinforcement. all of the above. Refer back to page 273
the behavior is more likely to occur in the future. an unpleasant stimulus plays an important role. the effect on the behavior is similar to the effect of positive reinforcement. all of the above.
Refer back to page 273
9. A gold star is a _______________; demerits are a _______________:
primary reinforcer; primary punisher. secondary reinforcer; secondary punisher. primary reinforcer; secondary punisher. secondary reinforcer; primary punisher. Refer back to page 277
primary reinforcer; primary punisher. secondary reinforcer; secondary punisher. primary reinforcer; secondary punisher. secondary reinforcer; primary punisher.
Refer back to page 277
10. Johnny's mother is trying to get her 5 year old to quit having tantrums in order to obtain candy in the grocery store. She has tried to use extinction in the past, but often gave in after three or four trips to the store. She wants to try extinction again. With your knowledge of operant conditioning, you know it will be very difficult to now get rid of the behavior with this technique because
behavior that has been continuously reinforced is very resistant to extinction. Johnny has gained the insight that his mother can be worn down. behavior that has been intermittently reinforced is very resistant to extinction. Johnny's behavior has become superstitious behavior which is hard to extinguish. Refer back to page 278
behavior that has been continuously reinforced is very resistant to extinction. Johnny has gained the insight that his mother can be worn down. behavior that has been intermittently reinforced is very resistant to extinction. Johnny's behavior has become superstitious behavior which is hard to extinguish.
Refer back to page 278
11. What do your authors recommend as a better way to deal with an undesirable behavior?
beat the kid with their textbook. counterconditioning. extinction of undesirable acts. combine extinction of undesirable acts with reinforcement of alternative ones. Refer back to page 282
beat the kid with their textbook. counterconditioning. extinction of undesirable acts. combine extinction of undesirable acts with reinforcement of alternative ones.
Refer back to page 282
12. Based on the study of nursery-school children, the effect of giving "good player awards" for drawing pictures with magic marker pens was
increased production of highly creative artwork. increased frequency of the children drawing pictures. more artwork drawn on the nursery-school walls. children spending less time with the pens. Refer back to page 281
increased production of highly creative artwork. increased frequency of the children drawing pictures. more artwork drawn on the nursery-school walls. children spending less time with the pens.
Refer back to page 281
13.What do the social learning theories and behavioral theories have in common?
they both recognize the importance of observation. they both recognize the importance of motivating beliefs. they both recognize the importance of environmental factors. none of the above -- they have nothing in common. Refer back to page 286
they both recognize the importance of observation. they both recognize the importance of motivating beliefs. they both recognize the importance of environmental factors. none of the above -- they have nothing in common.
Refer back to page 286
14. "Vicarious conditioning" is most closely associated with
classical conditioning. observational learning. operant conditioning. counterconditioning.
Refer back to page 288
15. In Tolman's classic research on rats in a maze, the rats who found no food for ten days but found food on the eleventh,
made as many errors on the eleventh day as rats who had never found food. quickly learned to run to the end of the maze. took as long to learn to run to the end of the maze as rats introduced to the maze with food present from day one. got into a food fight that rendered the experiment useless.
Refer back to page 274
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