Chapter Two: Theories of Personality

Chapter Two Second Section Sample Questions

INTRODUCTION

Take the sample questions and find out what you missed. Click on the "Refer back to page __" next to the question you missed. It will open a new window (if your browser is set to open new windows) to the interactive chapter guide resources which cover the concept being tested. Close the window when you want to return to the test. If a new window does not open, just click on the back button to return to this page.

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1. A global trait refers to:

traits that are found across cultures.
traits of overwhelming importance to an individual.
traits that reflect a characteristic way of behaving.
preferences for foods, colors, and music.

Refer back to page 40
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2. Temperaments

are primarily learned responses to the environment.
become prominent with the onset of puberty and adolescence.
are relatively unstable styles of responding to the environment that change over time.
characteristic styles of responding that are likely innate.

Refer back to page 41

3. A statement that the heritability of personality traits is about .60 in western cultures means that:

individuals can trace 60% of their personality to their parents.
individuals can trace .6% of their personality to their parents
within this group of people 60% of the variance is due to genetic differences between individuals in the group.
none of the above are correct.

Refer back to page 44

4.Using the Behavioral School of personality, George works overtime because he is ________:

greedy.
ambitious.
rewarded.
hard working.

Refer back to page 48

5. Motivating values, cognitive processes, and observational learning are most descriptive of the ___________School of personality.

psychodynamic.
behavioral.
humanistic.
social learning .

Refer back to page 49

6.In an isolated hogan on the Navaho reservation in New Mexico, you are introduced to a man as a "son of a farmer" rather than as a "clinical psychologist". This suggests you are talking to someone who belongs to a(n):

monochronic culture
individualistic culture
collectivist culture.
none of the above.

Refer back to page 53

7.Which of the following is a risk of using the cultural tradition to describe personality?

it undermines the usefulness of the other perspectives.
it may lead to overestimating the diversity within cultures.
it may promote the use of stereotypes.
it draws universal principles from a few examples.

Refer back to page 55

8. In Freudian terms, feelings such as "pride, satisfaction, guilt, and shame" are associated with the:

libido.
tuxedo.
id.
superego.

Refer back to page 56

9. Mark transforms his aggressive impulse into a successful career as a soldier in an anti-terrorism unit. Freud would describe this as ______.

projection.
sublimation.
acting out.
reaction formation.

Refer back to page 57

10. According to Jungian personality theory, Darth Vader and Dracula represent the:

anima and animus that exist in the unconscious id.
persona archetype.
shadow archetype.
mandela of evil.

Refer back to page 61

11. In contrast to the Freudian view of personality, the object-relations school emphasized that:

children of both sexes identify first with their mother.
the fear of one's father is critical for development.
men have more flexible ego boundaries than women.
women should be treated as sex objects.

Refer back to page 62

12. John is having trouble with overeating, nail biting, and smoking. We learn that he was weaned from the bottle at a very early age. The Freudian perspective would draw a connection between these two facts that critics would call:

principle of falsifiability.
overgeneralization.
fallible memory.
illusion of causality.

Refer back to page 63

13. Unlike other theories of personality, the humanistic tradition emphasized:

hostility, instincts, and conflicts.
specific behaviors rather than the whole person.
personal growth and human potential.
all of the above.

Refer back to page 64

14. One of the criticisms of the humanistic school of personality is:

it is overly pessimistic.
its concepts are hard to operationally define.
it ignores creativity, humor, and helpfulness.
all of the above.

Refer back to page 65

15. How would the Barnum Effect be reflected in a popular newspaper horoscope?

it recognizes that most of its audience is stupid.
it uses all-purpose descriptions that could apply to anyone.
it relies on the universal principles that cover the meaningfulness to life.
since astrology has been scientifically proven, there is no Barnum Effect.

Refer back to page 68

Correct Wrong

Questions Missed

Answer Key

1	=	C		6	=	C		11	=	A
2	=	D		7	=	C		12	=	D
3	=	C		8	=	D		13	=	C
4	=	C		9	=	B		14	=	B
5	=	D		10	=	C		15	=	B
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