Chapter Two: Theories of Personality
Chapter Two Sample Questions
INTRODUCTION Take the sample questions and find out what you missed. Click on the "Refer back to page __" next to the question you missed. It will open a new window (if your browser is set to open new windows) to the interactive chapter guide resources which cover the concept being tested. Close the window when you want to return to the test. If a new window does not open, just click on the back button to return to this page.
1. In Cattell's 16 PF trait theory of personality, source traits are:
Traits of overwhelming importance to an individual. Characteristic ways of behaving. Traits that are visible in a person's words or deeds. The underlying sources of the person's surface traits Refer back to page 40 (new window opens)
Traits of overwhelming importance to an individual. Characteristic ways of behaving. Traits that are visible in a person's words or deeds. The underlying sources of the person's surface traits
Refer back to page 40 (new window opens)
2. Of the five fundamental traits in the Big Five Personality Trait Theory, which trait would be characterized by someone who is a worrier, complainer, and defeatist?
Neuroticism. Introversion. Disagreeableness. Psychoticism. Refer back to page 41
Neuroticism. Introversion. Disagreeableness. Psychoticism.
Refer back to page 41
3. Which of the following is NOT true about the relationship between heritability and temperament?
the DNA in genes affect the structural and biochemical characteristics of the body, including the nervous system". the same physiological attributes of an inhibited temperament has been found in both children and infant rhesus monkeys. genetically based temperaments provide a fixed, unchangeable blueprint for personality. none of the above are correct. Refer back to page 43
the DNA in genes affect the structural and biochemical characteristics of the body, including the nervous system". the same physiological attributes of an inhibited temperament has been found in both children and infant rhesus monkeys. genetically based temperaments provide a fixed, unchangeable blueprint for personality. none of the above are correct.
Refer back to page 43
4. If identical twins are more alike than fraternal twins in a particular trait, the increased similarity must be due to:
similar environments for identical and fraternal twins. either environment or genetics. genetics. chance. Refer back to page 45
similar environments for identical and fraternal twins. either environment or genetics. genetics. chance.
Refer back to page 45
5. People who believe that they are victims of luck, fate, or other people,
posses an internal locus of control. are often called college students who have just gotten back their midterm scores. would be called extroverted. have an external locus of control. Refer back to page 49
posses an internal locus of control. are often called college students who have just gotten back their midterm scores. would be called extroverted. have an external locus of control.
Refer back to page 49
6.Learning theories of personality have been criticized because:
people cannot develop a personality from observation or reinforcement. none of them take into consideration mental processes . the "environment" that influences people is not clearly defined. genetic forces are much more important than learning factors. Refer back to page 50
people cannot develop a personality from observation or reinforcement. none of them take into consideration mental processes . the "environment" that influences people is not clearly defined. genetic forces are much more important than learning factors.
Refer back to page 50
7. In which of the following cultures would people most likely consider time to be a precious commodity and where punctuality is stressed:
cultures which also stress the needs of friends and family. polychronic cultures. monochronic cultures. cultures where the conversational distance is very close. Refer back to page 54
cultures which also stress the needs of friends and family. polychronic cultures. monochronic cultures. cultures where the conversational distance is very close.
Refer back to page 54
8. All of the following are shared by psychodynamic theories EXCEPT:
an assumption that adult behavior/problems are determined by early childhood experiences. psychological development occurs in fixed stages, during which predictable issues must be resolved. an emphasis on intrapsychic dynamics. all children identify first with the mother. Refer back to page 56
an assumption that adult behavior/problems are determined by early childhood experiences. psychological development occurs in fixed stages, during which predictable issues must be resolved. an emphasis on intrapsychic dynamics. all children identify first with the mother.
Refer back to page 56
9. The _______ strives for the satisfaction of instinctual needs within the constraints of reality and social norms.
superego. ego. id. animus. Refer back to page 56
superego. ego. id. animus.
10.When six year old Martha is told that she should quit telling her parents that she hates her new baby sister, she fears they may not love her any more. Surprisingly, Martha suddenly becomes very caring and loving towards her new sibling. This is an example of:
a kid who is planning on feeding her new sister worms. resolution of the Oedipus Complex and development of the superego. the defense mechanism of reaction formation. the defense mechanism of regression. Refer back to page 57
a kid who is planning on feeding her new sister worms. resolution of the Oedipus Complex and development of the superego. the defense mechanism of reaction formation. the defense mechanism of regression.
Refer back to page 57
11. According to Freudian view of personality development, the ________ stage is highlighted by the issue of self-control.
anal oral. phallic. anima. Refer back to page 58
anal oral. phallic. anima.
Refer back to page 58
12. Which of the following was a major difference between Jung's position and Freud's?
emphasis on individual unconscious. disregard for early childhood experiences. Jung preferred the pizza over the Vienna sausage. emphasis on a collective unconscious. Refer back to page 60
emphasis on individual unconscious. disregard for early childhood experiences. Jung preferred the pizza over the Vienna sausage. emphasis on a collective unconscious.
Refer back to page 60
13. Psychodynamic theories have been justly criticized for:
using unethical experiments to confirm their studies. having an overly optimistic view of human nature. being impossible to clearly disconfirm. all of the above. Refer back to page 63
using unethical experiments to confirm their studies. having an overly optimistic view of human nature. being impossible to clearly disconfirm. all of the above.
Refer back to page 63
14. According to Carl Rogers, conditional regard:
is an important ingredient in the development of the fully functional person. often leads to the suppression of true beliefs and opinions. is overwhelming love and support in stressful situations. is a striving for a life that is meaningful, challenging and productive.
Refer back to page 65
15. Existentialism in the Humanistic School of personality emphasized:
peak experiences of the self-actualized person. free will and the freedom of choice. the basic meaninglessness of life. the need for attachment in early life to escape from despair.
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