Chapter Two: Personality

Learning Objectives

1. Define personality.
   
   
2. List and discuss the major trait theories of personality, including the theory that there are five fundamental factors.
   
   
3. Discuss the issue of heritability of personality and temperament, including cautionary considerations.
   
   
4. Compare and contrast the behavioral and cognitive social learning approaches to personality.
   
   
5. List and explain problems associated with the learning theories of personality.
   
   
6. Describe two kinds of cultures and give some examples of how cultural norms vary.
   
   
7. Explain the basic principles of Freud’s psychoanalytic approach to the study of personality, and list the emphases shared by modern psychodynamic theories.
   
   
8. Describe the structure of the personality according to Freud, and explain the defense mechanisms listed in the text.
   
   
9. Discuss the challenges to psychoanalytic theory made by Jung and the object-relations school.
   
   
10. Summarize the criticisms of psychodynamic theories.